【記者呂苡榕台北報導】48年前,國民政府在台北召開全球性華僑會議,將10月21日訂為「華僑節」,紀念華僑在革命事業中的貢獻。但是2010年的華僑日,卻讓5、60名菲律賓華僑帶著中華民國護照上街頭,質問政府「身分給一半,要我怎麼辦?」
國共內戰時期,許多中國人逃離家鄉前往東南亞各國定居,到了50年代,即使身在異鄉,國民政府仍發給他們中華民國護照,同時承諾只要有人擔保,即可擁有戶籍。一直到1991年之後,國境控管政策改變,這群有國籍的華僑,成了「無戶籍國民」,雖然擁有國籍,卻無法享有合法身分。
這群無戶籍的華僑,無法享有勞、健保,一旦到達6個月的居留期限,就必須出國辦簽證,才能再回到台灣。這樣的制度嚴重影響這些人的經濟和生活。許多菲律賓僑胞都遇過類似的狀況:當他們在國外辦理台灣簽證時,對方總會問他們,「你們拿中華民國護照,回國為什麼要辦簽證?」
同樣的問題僑胞也很想問問政府,為什麼有護照、有國籍,卻不屬於一個合法的公民?
由於菲律賓華僑在當地持有的是中華民國護照,也擁有中華民國國籍,因此當地政府視他們為外國人,在當地找不到工作、不能有存款,也不能置產;到了台灣,政府同樣不重視這些華僑,仍把他們當成外國人,沒有基本福利,一旦逾期居留還必須遣返出境。菲律賓歸橋關懷連線顧問龔尤倩形容,這就叫作「有國沒有家」。
丈夫是菲律賓華僑的黃小姐,帶著一個年紀不小的女兒獨自生活,她說,因為她丈夫護照過期被抓,送到機場準備遣返。當時黃小姐前往機場準備送行,卻看見自己的丈夫被銬上手銬,她問台北市移民署服務站的工作人員,為什麼把她丈夫當罪犯對待,對方卻回答她,「華僑又算什麼!」
因為逾期居留,黃小姐的丈夫遭到懲罰必須3年後才能再入境,導致黃小姐現在成為單親媽媽,獨立撫養小孩。
龔尤倩氣憤的說,手銬應該是拿來銬罪犯的,但這群華僑卻是被政策逼迫,必須每6個月出境一次重新辦簽證的國際人球,她質問,「為什麼在自己的國家會有『逾期居留』這種狀況發生?」
相對於歐、美華僑,東南亞華僑卻因為地域的分別而產生不同階級,也得到政府差別對待。他們在台灣往往遭到歧視,不是把他們當成罪犯,就是懷疑對方式持有假文件的偷渡者。
根據移民法定義,所謂的無戶籍國民,意指「指未曾在臺灣地區設有戶籍之僑居國外國民及取得、回復我國國籍尚未在臺灣地區設有戶籍國民。」
雖然從2007年開始,政府修改移民法,華僑只要在台灣合法居留滿7年(每年在台灣合法居留超過183天),就可以申請居留證,之後再申請定居證和身份證,整個程序大約需8年半的時間。但龔尤倩指出,要「合法」居留,就必須遵守每6個月出境一次的規定,這些華僑已經是經濟弱勢,還得負擔頻繁出、入境的費用。
「更何況在2007年之前,政府對於東南亞華僑完全沒有任何法律規定,這些人只能不斷出境、入境。」龔尤倩說,也因為這樣導致許多華僑在經濟上無力負荷,只得選擇逾期居留在台灣,淪為黑戶人口。
這次華僑前往總統府前抗議,要求政府檢討華僑政策,廢除「無戶籍國民」制度;讓擁有國籍者自動成為國民;同時大赦黑戶人口;並讓已在台居留超過183天或有工作者加入健保。只是10位菲律賓華僑代表進入總統府遞交陳情書時,總統府代表居然面露驚訝的表示,「怎麼會有這種事情啊,好奇怪!」,讓華僑更覺心寒。

致各国政府的通报涵/中英文版本: 无国籍人士组建国家招募宪政监察国筹备委员会成员 苏丹和埃及边境的无主土地:Bir Tawil 无国籍人士立国宪法草案/宪政监察国宪法草案,承担埃及和苏丹所有大学生的免费教育和免关税 致埃及和南北苏丹政府的公函 埃及和南北苏丹政府的工作人员: 你们好。 期待各国政府通知境内的无国籍人士申请国籍、竞选公职人员和公投、邀请全球所有人完善宪政监察国宪法和其他法律。 这里是International Defense Association,国际上长期存在无国籍人士,期待我们一起和国际社会为减少无国籍人士做应有的努力,苏丹和埃及边境的无主土地:Bir Tawil,南北苏丹和埃及都不要,给无国籍人士组建国家,让无国籍人士有个家,无国籍人士组建的国家,将来在这块土地上建立全球性自助大学城,承担苏丹和埃及所有的大学生免费大学教育,埃及和苏丹的商品进入新国家免关税,互利共赢。 期待贵国政府为本国的大学生福利和无国籍人士着想,联手无国籍人士共建美好社区。 我们起草了“无国籍人士组建国家宪法”草案/宪政监察国宪法草案,邀请全球所有人,一起完善宪法草案,让无国籍人士投票选择。宪法草案没有提到组建军队,没有集权的公职职位:比如,总统,国王,总理,没有这类职位,无国籍人士不需要集权的管理者。提到:1、解决无国籍人士免费拥有房屋产权的办法。2、解决政府机构经费和公职人员收入的办法。3、解决全民免费医疗的办法。4、全球所有的无国籍人士,都有权在这个国家申请国籍。5、全球所有人都可以提出宪法和其他法律的完善条款,给无国籍人士投票选择;第一届的选举,非重要公职职位,全球所有人都有投票权;所有的竞选者都必须提交施政方案,给所有公民投票。 另外,我们公开寻求可以提供警务培训的国家,希望有哪个国家的政府,给无国籍人士伸出橄榄枝,提供警务培训。希望维和部队给予无国籍人士一个家,无国籍人士对国籍的期待后的绝望,就好像如今,人类对疫情的无奈和绝望一样,社会各界人士携手合作,才能结束无国籍的历史。 如果接受我们的建议,欢迎无国籍人士组建国家,请在政府官网公布相应的批文,并且召开新闻发布会,并向各国政府发出公文,要求各国政府向其境内的无国籍人士通报该消息,同时邀请各国政府给予新国家护照免签证费用待遇,期待各国政府在解决无国籍人士问题上的作为。 给予新国家护照免签证费用待遇的国家,商品进入新国家境内,免关税/商品免关税。 提供警务培训和银行服务(新国家政府开设支付信托账户,目的:所有政务收支,均由银行代收和代支付)的国家,该国公民入境免签证,该国商品免关税。 向境内无国籍人士通报新国家,协助无国籍人士在新国家申请国籍,给予新国家护照免签证费待遇,该国商品免关税。 该国政府没有向无国籍人士通报,该国境内的媒体报道了,该国政府给予新国家护照免签证费待遇,该国商品免关税。 各国的媒体、银行、通讯公司、大型的社交平台、NGO。 通过他们的平台,主动向无国籍人士通报该资讯,协助无国籍人士申请国籍,该公司的法人代表,在新国家有参政权,直接提交施政计划,参与竞选公职人员。 同时,该国商品免关税。 联系International Defense Association的途径:1、Email:anbao98@yahoo.com 2、Facebook上的专页:现役宪兵保镖服务 中的本文帖子跟贴提交,或者搜索这个专页的ID :@International Defense Association。即:国际防务协会的英文名称。3、WhatsApp:+855 967540593、+855 87730906。4、Telegram:+855 87730906。 International Defense Association 示 下面是英文版: Stateless persons form a draft national constitution to undertake free education for all university students in Egypt and Sudan Official letter to the governments of Egypt and North and South Sudan Staff of the governments of Egypt and North and South Sudan: Hello It is hoped that governments of various countries will notify stateless persons within their borders to apply for nationality, run for public office and referendum, and invite everyone around the world to improve the Constitution and other laws. This is the International Defense Association. Stateless persons exist for a long time in the world. We look forward to working with the international community to make due efforts to reduce stateless persons. The land without owners on the border between Sudan and Egypt: Bir Tawil, build a country for stateless persons, let stateless persons have a home, and a country formed by stateless persons will establish a global self-help university city in the future, which will provide free university education for all university students in the three countries of North and South Sudan and Egypt for mutual benefit and win-win results,the country’s goods are duty-free。 I look forward to your government's consideration for the welfare of college students and stateless people in your country, and join hands with stateless people to build a beautiful community。 We drafted a draft of the "Stateless Persons Forming a National Constitution" and invited everyone from around the world to work together to improve the draft constitution so that stateless persons can vote. The draft constitution does not mention the formation of an army, and there is no centralized public office: for example, the president, the king, the prime minister, there is no such position, and stateless people do not need centralized administrators. Mentioned: 1. A solution for stateless persons to own property rights for free. 2. Solutions to government agency funds and public officials' income. 3. Solutions to free medical care for all. 4. All stateless persons in the world have the right to apply for nationality in this country. 5. Everyone in the world can propose the perfect provisions of the constitution and other laws to vote for stateless persons; in the first election, everyone in the world has the right to vote for non-important public positions; all candidates must submit for governance Plan, vote for all referendums。 In addition, we openly seek out countries that can provide police training, and hope that the government of a country can extend an olive branch to stateless persons and provide police training. It is hoped that peacekeeping forces will give stateless people a home. The despair of stateless people after their expectation of nationality is just like the helplessness and despair of mankind towards the epidemic. People from all walks of life can work together to end the history of statelessness。 If you accept our suggestion and welcome stateless persons to form a country, please announce the corresponding approval documents on the government's official website, hold a press conference, and send official documents to governments of all countries, requesting governments to notify stateless persons within their borders of the news. Governments of all countries are invited to grant visa-free or free visa treatment for new countries’ passports, and look forward to their actions in solving the problem of stateless persons。 Countries that grant visa-free fees for passports of new countries, goods entering the territory of the new country,,duty-free/goods duty-free。 For countries that provide police training and banking services (the new country’s government opens a payment trust account), citizens of that country are visa-free for entry, and their products are free of customs duties. Inform stateless persons in the territory of information on the formation of a new country, assist stateless persons in applying for nationality in the new country, and grant visa-free status to the new country’s passport, and the country’s goods are exempt from customs duties。 The government of that country did not notify stateless persons, and the media in the country reported that the government of that country has granted visa-free or visa-free treatment to the new country’s passport, and the country’s goods are exempt from tariffs。 Media, banks, communication companies, large social platforms, and NGOs from various countries. Through their platform, they proactively notify stateless persons of this information and assist stateless persons in applying for nationality. The company’s legal representative, who has suffrage in the new country, directly submits a policy plan and participates in the election for public office. At the same time, the country’s goods are duty-free。 Ways to contact the International Defense Association: 1. Email: anbao98@yahoo.com 2. Facebook page: active-duty gendarmerie bodyguard service to submit this post, or search the ID of this page: @International Defense Association. Namely: the English name of the International Defense Association. 3. WhatsApp: +855 967540593, +855 87730906. 4. Telegram: +855 87730906。 宪法草案的网址:https://www.facebook.com/2388879461433473/posts/2502716093383142/